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Objective:To observe the curative effect of stereotactic subtentorial approach for brainstem puncture and drainage on brain stem hemorrhage in elderly patients.Methods:The clinical data of elderly patients with brain stem hemorrhage admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Shangqiu First People 's Hospital from April 2018 to April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 65 elderly patients with brainstem hemorrhage who were treated with stereotactic subtentorial approach for brain stem puncture and drainage, and had complete follow-up data within 90 days after operation were selected.The patient's data were reviewed.The operation time, hematoma clearance rate on the first day after operation, the drainage tube extraction of hematoma cavity, and the postoperative complications were recorded.The follow-up results at 30 days and 90 days after the operation were also recorded.The 30-day Glasgow outcome scale(GOS)was used to evaluate the short-term clinical outcomes of surviving patients, while the modified Rankin score was used to evaluate the neurological function recovery of surviving patients at 90 days.Results:The operation time of the 65 patients was 1.1-2.8 h, with an average of(1.9±0.4)h.On the first day after operation, CT scan showed that the hematoma clearance rate was(84.6±13.6)%.The drainage tube in hematoma cavity was removed within 3-5 days, and there was no puncture-related intracerebral hemorrhage or drainage tube-related intracranial infection after operation.During 30 days of follow-up, 9 patients died and 56 patients survived, with a survival rate of 86.2%.Among the surviving patients, 5 were temporarily in vegetative state and 51 were awake, with varoius degrees of disability.The preoperative hematoma volume of the surviving patients was significantly less than that of the dead patients, and the preoperative GCS score was significantly lower than that of the dead patients( Z=2.386, 2.009, P=0.017, 0.045). After 90 days of follow-up, 3 patients died and 53 survived, with a survival rate of 81.54%.Among the surviving patients, the neurological function of 22 patients recovered well, and the effective rate of clinical treatment was 41.51%. Conclusions:Stereotactic subtentorial approach for brain stem puncture and drainage is an effective and relatively safe surgical method for the treatment of brain stem hemorrhage in elderly patients.
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Myocardial infarction promotes cardiac remodeling and myocardial fibrosis, thus leading to cardiac dysfunction or heart failure. Peiminine has been regarded as a traditional anti-fibrotic Chinese medicine in pulmonary fibrosis. However, the role of peiminine in myocardial infarction-induced myocardial injury and fibrosis remained elusive. Firstly, rat model of myocardial infarction was established using ligation of the left coronary artery, which were then intraperitoneally injected with 2 or 5 mg/kg peiminine once a day for 4 weeks. Echocardiography and haemodynamic evaluation results showed that peiminine treatment reduced left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and enhanced maximum rate of increase/decrease of left ventricle pressure (± dP/dt max) and left ventricular systolic pressure, which ameliorate the cardiac function. Secondly, myocardial infarction-induced myocardial injury and infarct size were also attenuated by peiminine. Moreover, peiminine inhibited myocardial infarction-induced increase of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α production, as well as the myocardial cell apoptosis, in the rats. Thirdly, peiminine also decreased the myocardial fibrosis related protein expression including collagen I and collagen III. Lastly, peiminine reduced the expression of p38 and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in rat model of myocardial infarction. In conclusion, peiminine has a cardioprotective effect against myocardial infarction-induced myocardial injury and fibrosis, which can be attributed to the inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
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Objective:To analyze the correlation of serum homocysteine(Hcy)levels with hematoma absorption and cognitive function in elderly patients with cerebral hemorrhage.Methods:Clinical data of 80 elderly patients with cerebral hemorrhage admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.According to serum levels of Hcy(normal range: <15 μmol/L), 21 patients with serum Hcy<15 μmol/L were included in Group A, and 59 patients with Hcy≥15 μmol/L were included in Group B. General data(gender, age, hypertension, diabetes, bleeding part, bleeding volume, etc.), hematoma absorption and cognitive function were recorded and compared between the two groups.The correlation of serum Hcy levels with hematoma absorption and cognitive function in elderly patients with cerebral hemorrhage was analyzed by using Spearman correlation analysis.Results:There was no statistical difference in gender, age, hypertension, diabetes, bleeding location and bleeding volume between the two groups.The speed of hematoma absorption and scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)were higher in Group A than in Group B[(0.4±0.1)ml/d vs.(0.3±0.1)ml/d, (19.6±4.6)points vs.(16.3±3.3)points, t=3.935 and 3.532, both P=0.000]. Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum Hcy level was negatively correlated with hematoma absorption and cognitive function in elderly patients with cerebral hemorrhage( r=-0.372 and-0.311, P=0.000 and 0.005), indicating that hematoma absorption and cognitive function were worse with the higher serum Hcy levels in elderly patients with cerebral hemorrhage. Conclusions:Serum Hcy levels change in elderly patients with cerebral hemorrhage.As serum Hcy levels increase, the risk for adverse events such as slow hematoma absorption and unsatisfactory improvement in cognitive function in patients increases accordingly.Serum Hcy levels play an important role in the occurrence and development of diseases in elderly patients with cerebral hemorrhage and can be used to evaluate the condition and prognosis of patients with cerebral hemorrhage.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between the plasma galectin-3 level and the severity of cerebral artery atherosclerosis as well as the prognosis of patients with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) stroke.Methods According to the TOAST classification,105 patients with LAA stroke,50 patients with small artery occlusion (SAO) stroke,33 patients with asymptomatic cerebral artery stenosis,and 60 healthy controls were enrolled.The plasma galectin-3 level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.According to the number of cerebral arteries with atherosclerosis,the LAA group was divided into single-branch lesions group (n =30),double-branch lesions group (n =30) and multi-branch lesions group (n =45).Plasma galectin-3 levels were compared among the three subgroups,and the associations between galectin-3 and the severity of cerebral atherosclerosis were analyzed.The LAA group patients were followed up for three months,and the value of galectin-3 on predicting the prognosis of patients with LAA stroke was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores.Results The plasma galectin-3 level in LAA group ((13.64 ± 3.08) ng/ml) was significantly higher than in SAO group ((12.20 ± 2.88) ng/ml) and control group ((11.89 ± 2.93) ng/ml;t =2.790,3.617,P =0.006,0.000).Besides,the plasma galectin-3 level in asymptomatic stenosis group ((13.94 ± 2.89) ng/ml) was significantly higher than in SAO group and control group (t =2.695,3.238,P =0.009,0.002).However,the differences between asymptomatic stenosis group and LAA group,SAO group and control group were not statistically significant.In LAA group,the plasma galectin-3 level in multi-branch lesions group ((15.02 ±2.94) ng/ml) was significantly higher than in double-branch lesions group ((13.47 ± 2.88) ng,/ml) and single-branch lesions group ((11.73 ± 2.43) ng/ml;t =2.261,5.080,P =0.027,0.000).The plasma galectin-3 level in double-branch lesions group was significantly higher than in single-branch lesions group (t =2.532,P =0.014).The plasma galectin-3 level and the range of atherosclerosis and mRS scores were positively correlated (r =0.433,0.629;P =0.000,0.000).The area under the ROC curve of plasma galectin-3 level and prognosis was 0.812 (95％ CI O.726-0.897,P =0.000).Conclusions The plasma galectin-3 level was found associated with the severity of cerebral artery atherosclerosis,but not with acute onset of LAA and SAO stroke.Galectin-3 may be involved in the inflammatory pathogenesis and development of cerebral atherosclerosis,and may have the potential to become a plasma marker for evaluating the severity of cerebral artery atherosclerosis and judging the prognosis of patients with LAA stroke.
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Objective To evaluate the situation of blood concentration detection in Zunyi city by the way of analyzing the practice of blood concentration detection for the past 4 years .Methods The bood samples of 194 928 persons who were voluntary blood donators since full implementation of centralized blood test from February 2011 to December 2014 were analysed .Results The unqualified rates of the 5 detection indicators from the seven blood center banks were closed to the centre blood station ,which was rang from 3 .15% to 4 .85% ,the total unqualified rate was 3 .72% and no significant difference was found(P> 0 .05) .Since the concentration of blood detection ,blood donators in the 7 blood center blood banks increased year by year .Conclusion Blood concen-tration detection improves the blood test quality in this single region ,and promotes the development of blood donation career .
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Objective To study the different effects on unilateral middle cerebral artery infarction with standard large trauma craniotomy and frontotemporal craniectomy and decompression treatment.Methods The clinical data of 56 patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery infarction were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into the two groups according to the different operation methods,and compared the incidence of postoperative complications and GCS score after 1 week,GOS score after 1 month,and ADL score after 6 months and so on.Results The differences were significant between the two groups in incidence of postoperative complications [ incidence of rebleeding after the operation(A group 5 cases,B group 4 cases),showing of brain pools(A group 23 cases,B group 14 cases),lung infection(A group 7 cases,B group 13 cases),gastrointestinal bleeding(A group 8 cases,B group 17 cases),χ2 =0.579,4.703,8.606,7.081] and postoperative GCS score after a week[12 -15points(A group 5 cases,B group 2 cases),9-11points(A group 15 cases,B group 10 cases),5-8points(A group 6 cases,B group 8 cases),3-4points(A group 2 cases,B group 4 cases),death(A group 1 case,B group 3 cases),W value was 599.500,P=0.028] (all P0.05).Conclusion Standard large trauma craniotomy has features as decompression full,low early complication rate,and can improve the short-term efficacy of unilateral middle cerebral artery infarction in patients,and promote recovery.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between osteoprotegerin ( OPG ) gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke etiological subtypes, as well as the extent and distribution of cerebral atherosclerosis ( AS) lesions.Methods Patients with ischemic stroke included 285 cases of large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA), 91 cases of small-artery occlusion (SAO) and 42 cases of purely AS, and 165 healthy controls were enrolled in this study.The LAA group was respectively divided into 3 subgroups according to the number and the distribution of stenostic vessels.Genotyping of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs;rs2073617, rs3134069, and rs3102735) in the promoter region of the OPG gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results Regarding the three SNPs of OPG gene, the frequence of genotype CC/CT and the prevalence of allele C of rs3102735 were higher in the LAA group contrasting with the control group ( 24.04% vs 14.85%, 44.21% vs 27.88%,χ2 =10.758, 11.804, P =0.001,0.024).However, comparisons of other frequences of genotypes or alleles did not reveal any significant differences among the LAA group, the SAO group, the AS group and the control group, as well as among different subgroups of LAA group.Haplotype analysis revealed that the frequencies of haplotype C-C-T in LAA group and SAO group were significantly lower ( 0.023, 0.017 vs 0.068,χ2 =10.399, 5.841,P=0.001, 0.016), while that of haplotype T-A-C was significantly higher in SAO group(0.043 vs 0.016,χ2 =4.708, P=0.030) compared with controls.Conclusions Our findings indicate that OPG gene polymorphisms might be associated with increased susceptibility to LAA ischemic stroke.But we fail to show association of OPG gene with the extent and distribution of AS.
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[ Abstract] Vitamin D is a steroid derivative. It has the effect of regulating calcium -phosphorus metabolism. With the development of medicine, the effects of vitamin D in other respects, such as regulation of blood pressure, blood glucose, nerve protection, and immunity have received more and more attention. A lot of research show s that the level of vitamin D is closely associated w ith the onset and outcome of ischemic stroke. In addition, some researchers explored the relationship betw een vitamin D and stroke from the genetic perspective. How ever, the existing research results are not consistent. The link betw een vitamin D and ischemic stroke is not clear. This article review s the correlation studies of the relationship among vitamin D and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism, the onset of ischemic stroke, outcomes and risk factors in recent years.
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Objective To explore β-sodium aescinate on vascular endothelial function ( FMD ) , homocysteine ( Hcy ) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP) and clinical efficacy in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods 198 acute cerebral infarction patients from March 2013 to April 2015 were randomly divided into observation group (n=100) and control group (n=98).Control group were treated according to the condition of the disease, observation group were treated by β-sodium aescinate base on control group, 20mg was added to 250mL saline for intravenous drip,one times per day.Continuous used 14d for one treatment courses.Compared the change of vascular endothelial function, Hcy and hs-CRP and clinical efficacy.Results The total effective rate of observation group was 90.00%, which was significantly higher than that of 71.42% in control group (χ2 =11.01,P<0.05).Post-treatment the value of FMD significantly increased, Hcy and hs CRP were significantly decreased both in observation group and control group respectively, which the difference had a statistically significant as compared with Pre-treatment (P<0.05);but, the value of FMD was significantly higher, Hcy and hs CRP was significantly lower in observation group than that of control group (P<0.05).Conclusion It has a significant β-sodium aescinate clinical effect in treatment of acute cerebral infarction, and FMD are significantly higher, Hcy and hs-CRP are significantly decrease.
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Objective To investigate the levels of IL-18,IL-10 and MMP-9 in coronary heart disease(CAD)patients with in-stent restenosis(ISR)after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)treatment,so as to discuss the influence of inflammatory fac-tors to ISR after PCI.Methods CAD patients with ISR after PCI were angiographically re-evaluated and formed the ISR group(n=68)and the non-ISR group(n=173)based on the presence or absence of ISR.109 subjects without angiographic evidence of CAD formed a reference control group(control group).The plasma IL-18,IL-10 and MMP-9 concentrations of subjects were measured. Results The concentrations of serum IL-18 and MMP-9 in ISR group and non-ISR group were significantly higher than control group,while IL-10 level was the opposite.Contrasted with non-ISR group,the concentrations of serum IL-18 and MMP-9 in ISR group were significantly higher,but IL-10 level was the opposite too.There were significantly statistical differences(P <0.05)Con-clusion There is significant correlation between ISR and serum levels of IL-18,IL-10 and MMP-9.The inflammation may have im-portant impact on the process of ISR.
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Objective To investigate the related risk factors referred to hematoma enlargement in acute stage of spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage.Methods 104 stroke patients were divided into the observation group(hematoma enlarged group) and control group (without hematoma enlarged group).The course of disease,mean arterial pressure,the bleeding amount of the first time,hematoma shape and mortality were compared between the two groups,and the risk factors of hematoma enlargement of cerebral hemorrhage patients were analyzed.Results (1) The course of disease,mean arterial pressure,hematoma shape and the bleeding amount were significantly different between the two groups(t =9.5431,11.4499,6.1847,10.7233,all P ＜ 0.05).(2) The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that factors of influence on hematoma enlargement were mean arterial blood pressure,the course of disease and hematoma shape.(3)The mortality of the observation group was 36.53 ％,which was significantly higher than that of the control group (19.23 ％) (χ2 =3.8731,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion High level of mean arterial blood pressure,short time of interval to onset,irregular shape of hematoma and frequent vomiting are main risk factors of hematoma enlargement in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage at acute stage.
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Objective To evaluate retrospectively the efficacy of cistema magna plastic repair in the treatment of Chiari malformation complicated with syringomyelia Methods Fifty-one patients suffered from Chiari malformation complicated with syringomyelia were treated in our department from May 2004 to October 2009. Seventeen patients received cistema magna plastic repairment (the decompression of posterior cranial fossa, duraplastic repair,resection of hernia below cerebellar tonsil and separation of adherence of arachnoid membrane). Results Clinical symptoms disappeared or improved in 15 cases (effective rate of 90%). MRI showed tonsillar herniation disappeared,syringomyelia narrow. MRI showed cistema magna plastic repair, syringomyelia disappeared or significantly thinned and spinal cord subarachnoid space widened. Effective treatment obtained in 12 cases (effective rate 70%). Conclusions The efficiency of Cistern magna plastic repair treating Chiari malformation with syringomyelia is satisfied.
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Objective To assess the cardiovascular events after percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention (PCI) and the influence of fluvastatin on inflammation factors and prognosis of PCI patients.Methods One hundred and eighty-seven patients whose coronary stenosis ≥ 70% diagnosed through coronarography and underwent PCI from Jun.2005 to Feb.2008 were recruited in the current study.These patients were divided into two groups,the control group (n =91) was treated regularly and the treat group (n =96) was treated with additionally fluvastatin(40 mg/d).Fasting venous blood was obtained before and after medicine treatment,12,24 hours and two weeks after PCI.IL-18,IL-6 and TNF-α were measured through ELISA.Results Before medicine treatment,there were no difference of IL-18 ,IL-6 and TNF-α between the two groups( P ＞ 0.05 ).After medicine treatment,IL-18,TNF-α and IL-6 decreased significantly compared to those before treatment in both groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ),and these measurements decreased more in the treatment group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).At the 12th hours after PCI,IL-18,TNF-αand IL-6 in the control group increased to (423.5 ± 298.7 ),( 316.1 ± 72.6 ) and (42.3 ± 10.1 ) ng/L,respectively,and arrived the peak at the 24th hour,which were significantly higher than those before medicine treatment( P ＜ 0.01 ).In the treatment group,these measurements at the 12th and 24th hour after PCI were slightly higher than those before medicine treatment without significant difference ( P ＞ 0.05 ).After 12 hours ofPCI,IL- 18,TNF -αand IL-6were (276.5 ± 189.4 ),( 175.3 ± 51.9) and ( 10.1 ± 8.1 ) ng/L,which were significantly lower than those in the control group(P ＜ 0.01 ).Two weeks after PCI,IL-18,TNF-α and IL-6 in the treatment group were (137.0 ±34.2),(35.1 ± 21.6) and ( 8.7 ± 3.2 ) ng/L,which were significantly lower than before medicine treatment ( P ＜0.01 ).Conclusions PCI may aggravate the inflammation response of coronary artery.Statins may alleviate the inflammation response.IL-18,TNF-α and IL-6 are sensitive indices of early inflammation response after PCI,their changes might have prediction value for adverse cardiovascular events.Therefore these indices might be used as a target in the statins treatment in the primary prevention,as well as the evaluation of the effectiveness of PCI,statins and joint PCI and statins.
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Objective To study the different effects of hypertensive putamen hemorrhage with two different treatments of decompressive craniotomy and small bone window(keyhole) surgery. Methods Retrospective analysis of 120 cases of hypertensive putamen hemorrhage in patients with operation data was carried out. They were randomly divided into two groups according to the different surgical procedure, and then compared the incidence of postoperative complications, close and long-term effects and so on. Results There was no significant difference in early complication rate and postoperative GOS score after a week between two groups(P＞0.05). The difference was significant between two groups in close and long-term effects (P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Small bone window (keyhole)surgery had characteristics such as surgical time-saving ,less damage and more rapid recovery with removal of hematoma, and made played a significant role in promoting the recovery of close and long-term effects with patients.
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The cough sound is a very important symptom of well over 100 kinds of diseases. Cough sound analysis can provide much information which is useful for diagnosing. Detecting the frequencies and intensity of cough can evaluate the efficiency of therapy quantitatively. In this paper, we put forward an algorithm for cough sound recognition. We first decompose signals with wavelet transform and calculate the normalized energy at each time-frequency point. Then we obtain the normalized energy distribution statistically. After that, we pick out the time-frequency points maximizing a certain discriminant measure of normalized energy distribution between cough sound and non-cough sound, and then we use the normalized energy belonging to these time-frequency points as the inputs of Linear discriminant analysis/Generalized singular value decomposition (LDA/GSVD) classifier. The experimental results show that the classification accuracies achieved by using the algorithm is about 85%, and the computation complexity is low.
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Humans , Algorithms , Cough , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Discriminant Analysis , Markov Chains , Monitoring, Physiologic , Methods , Pattern Recognition, Automated , Methods , SoundABSTRACT
Astaxanthin is a useful pigmentation source in fish aquaculture. It has strong antioxidative activity and therefore has potential application in delaying aging and degenerative diseases in human and animals. In recent years, there is a growing demand for astaxanthin. The red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (called Phaffia rhodozyma before) is one of the most promising microorganisms for the commercial production of astaxanthin. During fermentation, X. dendrorhous shows the Crabtree effect. Higher glucose concentration will cause significant reductions in biomass and astaxanthin production. Therefore, fed-batch processes are particularly useful. In this paper, effects of glucose-feeding strategies on astaxanthin production by X. dendrorhous were studied. Based on the substrate inhibition model, an optimized two-stage feeding strategy for astaxanthin production of high-cell-density fermentation was proposed. Glucose concentration was first controlled at about 25 g/L during the lag phase and the early exponential phase. In such case, biomass could reach its maximum value in relatively short time. Then the glucose concentration was controlled at about 5 g/L in the later exponential phase and stationary phase. The synthesis of astaxanthin could be effectively prolonged. The results showed that the optimized two-stage feeding strategy was the best among all the feeding strategies, and could obtain the highest biomass (23.8 g/L) and astaxanthin production (29.05 mg/L), which was a significant increase (52.8% and 109% respectively) compared with a batch process.
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Basidiomycota , Metabolism , Fermentation , Kinetics , Models, Biological , XanthophyllsABSTRACT
Objective To explore the curative effects, side effects and complications of arterial embolization for the treatment of uterine leiomyoma.Methods Bilateral uterine arterial embolization with silk particles of 350～500 ?m was performed in 16 cases of uterine leiomyomas with uterine hemorrhage as the main complaint.Results 15 patients underwent technically successful embolization. No serious complications occurred. The patients were followed up for 3～12 months. Menses returned to regular cycle. In the patients with anemia, the hemoglobin concentration rose up to normal level. The sizes of uterine leiomyoma decreased by 52% after 6 months of the treatment.Conclusions Uterine arterial embolization is an effective and less invasive therapy with no serious complications for patients with uterine leiomyoma, especially for presentation of the uterus.
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Objective To study the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children in major cities of China. Method The children aged 1-7 were surveyed with questionnaire in ten cities of our country. Results In a total population of 49 241, there were 1 371 AD patients (768 males and 603 females) discovered. The total prevalence was 2.78%. The prevalence of males and females was 3.03% and 2.53%, respectively, The total standardized prevalence (S.P.) was 3.07%. The male and female S.P. was 3.86% and 2.20%, respectively, the difference being statistically significant (P
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To study the clinical application of molecular diagnosis in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL),the polymerase chain reaction Was used to detect the rearrangements of T-cell receptor (TCR)gene in 60 patients with cutaneous lymphocytic infiltrates.The result showed that dominant clonal TCR-? or ? gene rearrangements were detected in 36/40 CTCL,4/6 suspected mycosis fun- goldes/S?zary syndrome,1/1 lymphomatoid papulosis.No dominant clonal TCR-? or ? gene rearrange- ments were detected in 2 patients with CBCL,1 patient with lymphocytoma cutis,8 patient with benign lymphocytic infiltrates of skin and 2 normal controls.This study demonstrates that the method is help- ful for the lineage determination,clonality and early diagnosis of CTCL.
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Objective To study microbial flora on skin lesions and their antim icrobial susceptibilities and to conduct a topical treatment trial in atopic der matitis (AD). Methods Seventy one patients with AD were diagnosed according to the criteria of Hanifin-Rajka′s in departments of dermatology in China-Japan Friendship Hospital and Beijing Children Hospital during November,2001 to March, 2002. Bacteria and fungi were examined by culture and microscopy. Among 71 case s, 66 were divided into two groups randomly with one group receiving 1%econazol e+0.1%triamcinolone acetonide cream topically twice daily for 4 weeks, and the control group receiving 0.1%hydrocortisone butyrate ointment. Severity of AD w as measured by SCORAD index. Results It was shown that AD mainly affected infant s and children with a prevalence of 73.24%in patients less than 12 years old. T he rates of bacterial and fungal colonization were 53.51%, 1.41%, respectively on skin lesions. S.aureus was detected in 35.21%of patients with AD. Antimicro bial susceptibility test indicated that S.aureus was sensitive to rifampin, vanc omycin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, etc. It was found that 1 %econazole+0.1%triamcinolone acetonide cream had significantly more advantage over hydrocortisone butyrate ointment in the therapeutical effects (P